For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Keep soil evenly moist during germination. DO NOT LET IT DRY OUT—once seeds begin absorbing water (imbibition), drying can kill the seed embryo, and even brief dryness after sprouting can kill seedlings.
Seed Treatment:
• Cold stratification: Mix seeds with moist vermiculite or sand and refrigerate at 41°F (5°C) or lower for 3–6 weeks.
Check weekly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove them gently and plant immediately.
• Alternatively, sow outdoors in fall for natural stratification.
• These perennial seeds germinate very irregularly over an extended period, so patience is key.
• Do not discard seed trays early.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Sow 8–10 weeks before the last frost, applying cold stratification first.
• Outdoors: Direct sow in autumn for spring germination.
Sowing Instructions:
• Surface sow on moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
• Do not cover the seeds—light aids germination.
• Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
• Maintain constant moisture but avoid waterlogging.
• Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
• Keep trays out of direct sunlight to prevent drying.
• Ideal germination temperatures are 41–55°F (5–13°C).
• Germination may begin in 30-90 days after stratification, but some seeds can take much longer.
Light Requirements:
• Prefers partial shade to filtered sunlight.
• Protect young seedlings from intense sun.
Soil Requirements:
• Thrives in moist, humus-rich, well-draining soil.
• pH range: 6.0–7.5.
Watering:
• Keep the medium consistently moist, especially during stratification and germination.
• Use a fine mist to water gently and avoid disturbing seeds.
Spacing:
• Once seedlings have true leaves, transplant to individual pots.
• Final garden spacing: 12–15 inches (30–38 cm).
Growing Tips:
• A graceful woodland perennial with nodding, spurred flowers.
• Blooms in late spring to early summer.
• Excellent for shade gardens, woodland borders, or naturalized areas.
• Attracts hummingbirds and pollinators.
• Hardy in USDA Zones 4–8.
• Allow some plants to self-seed to maintain future blooms.