Seed Treatment:
• Cold stratification: Mix seeds with moist vermiculite or sand and refrigerate at 41°F (5°C) or lower for 3–6 weeks.
• Alternatively, sow outdoors in fall for natural stratification.
• These perennial seeds germinate very irregularly over an extended period, so patience is key.
• Do not discard seed trays early.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Sow 8–10 weeks before the last frost, applying cold stratification first.
• Outdoors: Direct sow in autumn for spring germination.
Sowing Instructions:
• Surface sow on moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
• Do not cover the seeds—light aids germination.
• Maintain constant moisture but avoid waterlogging.
• Keep trays out of direct sunlight to prevent drying.
• Ideal germination temperatures are 41–55°F (5–13°C).
• Germination may begin in 30-90 days, but some seeds can take much longer.
Light Requirements:
• Prefers partial shade to filtered sunlight.
• Protect young seedlings from intense sun.
Soil Requirements:
• Thrives in moist, humus-rich, well-draining soil.
• pH range: 6.0–7.5.
Watering:
• Keep the medium consistently moist, especially during stratification and germination.
• Use a fine mist to water gently and avoid disturbing seeds.
Spacing:
• Once seedlings have true leaves, transplant to individual pots.
• Final garden spacing: 12–15 inches (30–38 cm).
Growing Tips:
• A graceful woodland perennial with nodding, spurred flowers.
• Blooms in late spring to early summer.
• Excellent for shade gardens, woodland borders, or naturalized areas.
• Attracts hummingbirds and pollinators.
• Hardy in USDA Zones 4–8.
• Allow some plants to self-seed to maintain future blooms.