Seed Treatment
Cold Stratification: 4–6 weeks at ~4°C / 39°F
➤ Mix seeds with a small amount of damp sand.
➤ Place in a sealed plastic bag and refrigerate at 35–40°F (2–5°C).
➤ Check weekly. If seedlings emerge early, remove them from the bag and plant immediately.
Best Time to Sow:
Indoors:
- Start 8–10 weeks before your last expected frost (typically late winter to early spring, e.g., February to March in temperate zones).
- Sow in trays or pots, cover lightly, and place in a cool location for cold stratification (4–6 weeks at ~4°C / 39°F), then move to warmth (~65–70°F or 18–21°C) for germination.
Outdoors:
- Fall sowing (September–November) is ideal. Seeds will naturally cold stratify over winter and germinate in spring.
- Alternatively, sow in early spring, as soon as the soil is workable.
Germination Time
Up to 60 days
Optimum Germination Temperature
65–70°F (18–21°C)
How to Sow
➤ Sow seeds on the surface of moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
➤ Do not cover—light aids germination.
➤ Keep consistently moist but not soggy.
Planting Location
➤ Best in partial shade to dappled sun.
➤ Prefers cool, moist conditions and rich, well-drained soil.
Post Germination Care
➤ Once seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant carefully into individual pots.
➤ Harden off before moving outdoors.
➤ Space plants 12–18 inches apart in the garden.
➤ Water regularly but avoid waterlogging.
Additional Tips
✔ Perennial in USDA Zones 3–9
✔ Attractive to hummingbirds & pollinators
✔ Great for borders, woodland gardens, or shaded containers