Seed Treatment
Cold Stratification:
- Place seeds in a moist paper towel, or mix with moist sand or vermiculite.
- Seal in a plastic bag and refrigerate for 3–4 weeks at 35–40°F (1–4°C).
- Keep moist (not wet) and check for mold.
- If seedlings sprout in the fridge, plant them immediately!
When to Sow
- Indoors: Start seeds 8–10 weeks before last frost.
- Outdoors: Direct sow in fall or early spring for natural stratification.
Soil
- Prefers well-draining, fertile soil.
- Tolerates a range of soils; thrives in light, loamy soil.
- Ideal pH: 6.0–7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral).
Light
- Partial shade to full sun.
- In hot climates, partial shade helps prevent leaf scorch.
How to Sow
- Surface sow seeds and press gently — do not cover, they need light to germinate.
Watering
- Keep soil evenly moist during germination.
- Avoid waterlogging — use a fine mist or spray bottle to water gently.
Germination Time
- Typically 30–90 days (after stratification); can take longer depending on conditions.
- Optimum temp: 65–70°F (18–21°C).
Spacing
- Thin or transplant seedlings 10–12 inches (25–30 cm) apart once large enough to handle.
Growing Tips
- Produces graceful red & yellow flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees & butterflies.
- A short-lived perennial but self-seeds readily for naturalizing.
- Deadhead spent blooms to encourage more flowers.
- Mulch to retain moisture and keep roots cool in summer.