For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment
Step 1: Soak seeds in warm water (not hot) for 12–24 hours.
Step 2: Cold stratification: Place seeds in moist sand or vermiculite and refrigerate at 35–40°F (1–4°C) for 2–4 weeks.
Check regularly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove them gently and plant immediately.
When to Sow
Indoors: Start 6–8 weeks (42–56 days) before the last expected frost.
Outdoors (for natural stratification only): Sow in fall or winter in mild climates. Broadcast onto moist soil and press in gently—do not cover.
Germination Conditions
Optimum Temperature: 60–70°F (15–21°C)
Germination Time: 21 days after stratification
Light Requirement: Seeds need light to germinate. Do not cover with soil.
Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome briefly once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
How to Sow Indoors
- Fill trays or small pots with moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
- Surface sow seeds and press them gently into the soil. Do not bury.
- Mist lightly to avoid displacing seeds.
- Keep trays in a warm, bright area or under grow lights. Maintain steady moisture.
Post-Germination Care
- Remove humidity dome once seedlings appear.
- Once seedlings develop 2–3 true leaves, transplant into individual pots.
- Harden off for 7–10 days before transplanting outdoors.
- Final Spacing: 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) apart.
- Type: Annual
- Mature Height: 8–18 inches (20–45 cm)
Growing Tips
- Prefers full sun and sandy, well-draining soil.
- Tolerant of dry conditions once established—avoid overwatering.
- Attractive to bees and other pollinators.
- Great for wildflower meadows, borders, and rock gardens.