Seed Treatment
Scarification: The hard seed coat benefits from nicking with a knife or rubbing with sandpaper.
Soak seeds in warm water for 12–24 hours before planting.
Optimum Temperature
Maintain a consistent soil temperature of 21–26°C (70–79°F) for best germination. Avoid sowing outdoors until night temperatures remain above 15°C (59°F).
Germination Time
Seeds typically germinate in 5–14 days, but under sub-optimal conditions (cool temps, dry soil), germination may take up to 21 days.
How to Sow
Sow seeds 5 mm (¼ inch) deep in moist, well-draining soil. Suitable for direct sowing outdoors after frost or indoor sowing 3–4 weeks before the last frost date.
Light Requirements
Requires full sun (6+ hours daily) for vigorous growth and flowering.
Watering
Keep soil evenly moist during germination. Once established, water moderately; drought-tolerant but performs best with regular watering.
Post-Germination Care
Thin seedlings to 20–30 cm (8–12 inches) apart. Provide a trellis or support early—vines climb rapidly. Transplant carefully if started indoors; roots dislike disturbance.
Bloom Time
Produces feathery foliage and tubular red flowers throughout summer to early autumn, attracting hummingbirds and butterflies.
Note
Fast-growing annual vine; ideal for fences, arches, or trellises. Can self-seed in mild climates.