For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment:
• Seeds are very fine and light-sensitive — do not cover with soil
• Optional: Soak seeds in warm water for a few hours to encourage quicker germination (not essential)
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Start seeds 6–8 weeks before the last frost
• Outdoors: Transplant after all danger of frost has passed (not recommended to direct sow due to tiny seeds)
Sowing Instructions:
• Surface sow — do not cover seeds
• Press gently onto sterile, moist soil
• Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
• Mist lightly to avoid displacing seeds
• Ideal germination temperature: Use a heat mat to maintain steady temperatures of 68–75°F / 20–24°C
• Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
• Germination occurs in 10–28 days
Watering:
• Keep soil evenly moist during germination
• Water regularly once established, but avoid waterlogging
Spacing:
• Thin or transplant seedlings to 18–24 inches (45–60 cm) apart
Growing Tips:
• Prefers full sun to partial shade
• Performs best in afternoon shade in hot climates
• Grows in moist, well-draining soil
• Prefers rich, fertile soil with added compost
• pH range: 6.0–7.5
• Produces tall spikes of fragrant, tubular white flowers that bloom from mid to late summer
• Attracts moths, bees, and hummingbirds
• Best grown as an annual, though may self-seed in mild climates
• Ideal for evening gardens, borders, and cottage-style landscapes
• Remove spent flower stalks to encourage continued blooming