For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Keep soil evenly moist during germination. DO NOT LET IT DRY OUT—once seeds begin absorbing water (imbibition), drying can kill the seed embryo, and even brief dryness after sprouting can kill seedlings.
Seed Treatment:
• Seeds are very small and require light to germinate, so do not cover them with soil.
• Optional: Soak in room-temperature water for 12–24 hours to soften the seed coat and support moisture uptake.
• Use a fine mist spray to prevent washing seeds away after sowing.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Sow 8–10 weeks before last frost date.
• Outdoors: Transplant seedlings after danger of frost has passed and soil has warmed.
Sowing Instructions:
• Use a fine, moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
• Surface sow the seeds—do not bury them.
• Gently press seeds into the soil to ensure contact.
• Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
• Ideal temperature: Use a heat mat to maintain steady temperatures of 70–80°F (21–27°C).
• Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge. DO NOT LET THE SOIL DRY OUT
• Germination time: up to 30 days
Light Requirements:
• Requires full sun after transplanting.
Soil Requirements:
• Prefers loamy, fertile, and well-draining soil.
• Enrich soil with compost before transplanting.
• pH range: 5.5–6.5.
Watering:
• Keep soil evenly moist during germination and early growth.
• Water established plants deeply but infrequently — do not allow soggy conditions.
Spacing & Transplanting:
• Transplant when seedlings are 4–6 inches tall.
• Space plants 18–24 inches (45–60 cm) apart in rows about 2.5–3 feet apart.
Growing Tips:
• Grows up to 5–6 feet tall.
• Can be harvested for ornamental use, foliage, or traditional processing.
• Grown as an annual, but may self-seed in favorable climates.