For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination. Seed Treatment (Pre-Sowing)
COLD STRATIFICATION:
Place seeds in a damp paper towel or mix with moist vermiculite.
Seal in a plastic bag and refrigerate for 2–4 weeks at 40°F (4°C).
Check regularly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove them gently and plant immediately.
After stratification, sow as normal.
Optional soaking: For faster germination, soak seeds in warm water for 12–24 hours before sowing.
Sowing Instructions
When to sow outdoors: Late fall (for natural stratification) or early spring.
When to sow indoors: 6–8 weeks before last expected frost date.
Seed depth: Do not cover deeply. Sow on the surface or lightly press into soil — seeds need light to germinate.
Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Spacing: Space plants 12–18 inches (30–45 cm) apart.
Germination time: Usually 10 to 45 days AFTER stratification
Germination temperature: Use a heat mat to maintain a steady temperature of 65–75°F (18–24°C).
Growing Conditions
Sunlight: Full sun preferred; tolerates partial shade.
Soil: Well-drained sandy or loamy soil. Tolerates poor soils.
Water: Keep moist during germination. Once established, drought-tolerant.
USDA Zones: 4–9. May die back in winter but returns in spring.
Additional Tips
Deadhead to prolong blooming and limit aggressive self-seeding.
Great for wildflower gardens, borders, and naturalized spaces.
Attracts bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
