Seed Treatment Cold Stratification: Place seeds in a damp paper towel inside a sealed plastic bag. Store in the refrigerator (not freezer) for 2–4 weeks before planting. Check weekly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove them gently and plant immediately. After stratification, allow seeds to reach room temperature before sowing.
Optional: Soaking in GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) can improve germination but may damage seeds if used incorrectly—only for experienced growers.
When to Sow Indoors: 6–10 weeks before last frost Outdoors: After last frost when soil is warm (spring)
Germination Temperature: 21–27°C (70–80°F)
Germination Time: up to 90 days after stratification Erratic germinator—be patient
Light Requirements for Germination Use grow lights to provide 12–16 hrs/day – use grow lights indoors if needed
Post-Germination Care Transplant when seedlings have 2–3 sets of true leaves Space 30–45 cm apart (12–18 in) Use well-draining soil Full sun Water moderately—drought tolerant when established
Growing Tips • Deadhead to extend blooming • Excellent pollinator plant • May self-seed in warm zones • Perennial in USDA Zones 7–11 (annual elsewhere)
