For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment:
• Seeds are tiny and light-dependent, so do not cover them with soil.
• Soak seeds in warm water for 2–4 hours.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Start seeds 6–8 weeks before your last expected frost date.
• Outdoors: Direct sow only in warm climates after the danger of frost has passed.
Sowing Instructions:
• Surface sow seeds — press gently into moist seed-starting mix without covering.
• Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
• Use a heat mat to maintain steady temperatures of 70–75°F (21–24°C).
• Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
• Germination typically occurs in 5–21 days.
Light Requirements:
• Requires full sun to partial shade.
• Prefers more shade in hot climates to prevent stress and wilting.
Soil Requirements:
• Prefers well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter.
• pH range: 6.0–7.0.
Watering:
• Keep soil evenly moist during germination and early growth.
• Once established, water moderately — do not allow to dry out completely.
Spacing:
• Transplant or thin seedlings to 6–10 inches (15–25 cm) apart depending on the variety.
Growing Tips:
• Produces soft, fluffy flower clusters.
• Excellent for borders, containers, cut flower gardens, and pollinator beds.
• Remove spent blooms to encourage continuous flowering.
• Grown as an annual, especially in USDA Zones 2–10.
• Can be mildly toxic to pets if ingested — plant with care in pet-accessible spaces.