For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment (Stratification Required):
Warm Stratify: Keep seeds at 64–71°F (18–22°C) for 2–4 weeks in moist soil.
Cold Stratify: After warm stratification, refrigerate seeds at 24–39°F (–4 to +4°C) for 4–6 weeks. Keep soil moist throughout.
If the cold period is warmer than recommended, extend stratification time accordingly.
If seedlings emerge during cold stratification, gently remove and plant immediately.
Best Sowing Time:
Start indoors in late winter or early spring, or sow in autumn for natural stratification.
Optimum Temperature for Germination:
After stratification, sow at 15–20°C (59–68°F). Do not cover seeds deeply—light aids germination.
Sowing Instructions:
Use a gritty, well-draining seed-starting mix.
Sow on the surface or barely cover.
Light Requirements: Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
Keep the soil consistently moist—never waterlogged.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Germination Time:
Germination may take 3 to 12 weeks, depending on conditions AFTER stratification.
Post-Germination Care:
Move seedlings to a cool, bright area (10–15°C / 50–59°F) after germination.
Transplant carefully when seedlings have at least 2 true leaves. Handle by the leaves to avoid damaging roots or stems.
Extra Tips:
• Do not allow the soil to dry out during any stage.
• Harden off before transplanting outdoors.
Outdoor Spacing:
Space plants 15–20 cm (6–8 in) apart in full sun with good drainage.