Seed Treatment:
• Cold stratification is highly recommended to break dormancy.
• Soak seeds in room temperature water for 24 hours.
• After soaking, place seeds in moist sand or vermiculite in a sealed bag and refrigerate at 35–40°F (1–4°C) for 6–8 weeks.
• Alternatively, seeds can be direct sown outdoors in fall to allow for natural stratification.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Sow late winter to early spring after stratification.
• Outdoors: Sow in autumn for natural overwintering.
Sowing Instructions:
• Sow seeds ½ inch (1.2 cm) deep in a well-draining, humus-rich seed-starting mix.
• Keep soil evenly moist, but not soggy.
• Ideal temperature for post-stratification germination: 60–68°F (16–20°C).
• Germination is slow and irregular — it may take several weeks to months.
Light Requirements:
• Prefers partial to full shade, especially in warmer climates.
• Avoid direct, harsh sun during germination and early growth.
Soil Requirements:
• Thrives in moist, rich, well-drained soil.
• pH range: 6.0–7.5.
• Add compost or leaf mold to enrich poor soil.
Watering:
• Keep soil consistently moist during germination and early growth.
• Once established, water during dry periods — the plant is tolerant of summer dryness during dormancy.
Spacing:
• Space seedlings or tubers 12–18 inches (30–45 cm) apart for mature growth.
Growing Tips:
• Known for its striking arrow-shaped variegated leaves, late spring blooms, and vivid red-orange seed clusters in fall.
• Foliage emerges in fall or winter, flowers in spring, and goes dormant in summer.
• Deer- and rabbit-resistant; tolerates shade and naturalizes easily.
• Hardy in USDA Zones 5–9.
• Wear gloves when handling seeds or tubers — all parts of the plant are toxic if ingested.