Perennial | Evergreen foliage
For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment (Before Sowing)
Cold Stratification:
Step 1: Place seeds on a moist paper towel, fold it, and seal in a labeled ziplock bag.
Step 2: Refrigerate at 4°C (39°F) for 4–6 weeks (28–42 days). Check weekly — if seedlings emerge early, gently transplant into soil.
When to Sow
Indoors: Sow in late winter to early spring (January–April).
Outdoors: Sow in autumn for natural stratification — scatter on soil surface in a sheltered, cool location.
Germination Temperature: 18–21°C (65–70°F)
Germination Time: 30–90 days or longer (after stratification). These perennial seeds germinate slowly and inconsistently over an extended period. Be patient and avoid discarding seed trays too soon.
Light Requirements
Requires light to germinate.
Do not cover seeds.
Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
How to Sow Indoors
Surface-sow seeds on moist, sterile seed-starting mix. Press gently to ensure contact with soil.
Do not cover.
Mist lightly to avoid displacement.
Humidity
Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination.
Open the dome briefly once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk.
Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Post Germination Care
Transplant seedlings when they have at least two sets of true leaves.
Final spacing: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) apart in acidic, well-drained soil.
Prefers full sun to light shade.
Avoid overwatering — roots are sensitive to soggy conditions.
Mulch to maintain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
Mature height: 20–50 cm (8–20 in).
Attracts pollinators and provides winter structure in the garden.