Biennial/Wildflower | Height: 30–60 cm | USDA Zones: 4–8 | Light: Full sun to partial shade
Seed Treatment:
Cold stratification: Place seeds on a damp paper towel, seal in a plastic bag, and refrigerate for 4–6 weeks.
✅ If seedlings emerge in the bag during stratification, carefully transplant them.
⚠️ GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) can be used by experienced growers to bypass dormancy, but improper use may damage seeds. Use with caution.
Best Time to Sow:
• Indoors: Start 6–10 weeks before last frost (late winter to early spring)
• Outdoors: Sow in autumn or early spring
Germination Time: up to 30 days after stratification
Optimum Germination Temperature: 18–22°C (64–72°F)
Light Requirements for Germination:
12–16 hrs/day – Use grow lights if sowing indoors
How to Sow:
• Sow on the surface of moist seed-starting mix – do not cover seeds; they need light to germinate
• Mist gently to keep moist but not soggy
• Use a humidity dome or clear cover until germination begins
Post Germination Care:
• Remove cover once seedlings appear
• Provide strong light (sunny window or grow lights)
• Keep temperature steady and avoid overwatering
• Transplant outdoors after last frost once seedlings are strong enough to handle
Growing Tips:
• Prefers well-draining, moderately fertile soil
• Deadhead spent blooms to prolong flowering
• May self-seed in suitable conditions
• Supports pollinators and is excellent for cottage gardens and wildflower meadows