For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment:
• Scarification required – gently rub seeds with sandpaper or nick with a blade to break the hard outer coat
• Soak seeds in warm water for 12–24 hours prior to sowing to soften and activate germination
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Start seeds 6–8 weeks before last frost
• Outdoors: Sow directly in warm climates after last frost, when soil temperatures are consistently above 65°F (18°C)
Light Requirements:
• Requires full sun (at least 6–8 hours daily) for vigorous growth
Soil Requirements:
• Prefers sandy, well-draining soil
• Tolerates poor or dry soils
• Ideal pH range: 6.0–8.0
Sowing Instructions:
• Sow seeds ½ inch (1.25 cm) deep
• Keep soil evenly moist but not soggy
• When seedlings emerge, use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
• Ideal temperature for germination: Use a heat mat to maintain steady temperatures of 25–30 °C (77–86 °F)
• Germination time: 10–28 days
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Watering:
• Water regularly during early growth
• Once established, it becomes drought-tolerant; water during prolonged dry spells
Spacing:
• Space plants 18–24 inches (45–60 cm) apart to allow bushy growth
Growing Tips:
• A fast-growing annual or short-lived perennial shrub
• Produces yellow, pea-like flowers and feathery compound leaves
• Commonly cultivated for its medicinal leaves and pods, traditionally used as a natural laxative
• Ideal for herbal gardens, warm-climate gardens, and sunny borders
• Grows best in tropical to warm temperate climates (USDA Zones 9–11)
• Harvest leaves when mature, typically 2–3 months after sowing