Seed Treatment:
• Soak seeds in room-temperature water for 12–24 hours.
• Cold stratify for 2–4 weeks in a sealed plastic bag with moist vermiculite or paper towel in the refrigerator (not freezer). If seedlings emerge during stratification, remove and plant immediately
Optimum Temperature for Germination:
60–70 °F (15–21 °C). Cooler temperatures can delay germination
Germination Time: 7 to 30 days AFTER stratification. Sometimes a bit longer.
Best Time to Sow:
Outdoors:
• Spring: After last frost
• Fall: Late summer to early fall for natural overwintering
Indoors:
• Start 4–6 weeks before the last frost.
• Use deep containers; avoid disturbing tap roots when transplanting
How to Sow:
• Sow shallowly—lightly press into soil or cover with a thin layer of vermiculite
• Needs light to germinate—do not bury deeply
• Keep evenly moist but never soggy
Light Requirements: Full sun to partial shade
Watering:
• Maintain consistent moisture during germination
• Once established, water deeply but less frequently
Post-Germination Care:
• Thin seedlings to 6–8 inches apart
• Mulch lightly to conserve moisture and suppress weeds
• Use biodegradable pots if transplanting to minimize root disturbance