Seed Treatment (Before Sowing)
• Cold Stratification Required:
1. Moisten a paper towel or small amount of vermiculite/perlite (damp, not soaked).
2. Place seeds inside and seal in a labeled plastic bag.
3. Refrigerate at 4°C–5°C (39°F–41°F) for 3–4 weeks.
4. Check weekly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove & plant immediately.
Optional: GA₃ (Gibberellic Acid)
Can be used to stimulate germination after stratification, but use with caution—too high a dose can damage seeds. Recommended only for experienced growers.
Best Time to Sow
• Indoors: 6–8 weeks before last frost
• Outdoors: Late spring or early autumn (in mild climates), after stratification
Germination Conditions
• Optimum Temp: 15–20°C (59–68°F)
• Light Requirements: Use grow lights 12 to 16 hours per day
• Germination Time: 14 to 45 days after stratification
Sowing Instructions
• Surface sow — do not cover with soil
• Press gently into the surface of moist, well-draining seed-starting mix
• Mist to keep moist, not wet
• Use a humidity dome or plastic wrap to retain moisture
Post-Germination Care
• Remove cover once seedlings appear
• Transplant when 2–3 sets of true leaves form
• Harden off seedlings gradually before planting outdoors
• Space 30–40 cm (12–16") apart
Growing Tips
• Prefers full sun to partial shade
• Soil: Moist, well-drained, rich in organic matter
• Deadhead spent blooms to encourage repeat flowering
• Divide clumps every 3 years to maintain vigor