Seed Treatment (Before Planting)
Stratify seeds before sowing. Mix seeds with damp sand or peat and place in a sealed plastic bag. You can also use the paper towel method.
Cold Stratification
Refrigerate for 28–42 days at 35–40°F (2–5°C).
If seedlings begin to emerge during this time, remove them from the bag and plant immediately.
Sowing Season
- Indoors: Late winter to early spring
- Outdoors: Fall sowing is also effective (natural stratification)
Optimum Germination Temperature
Keep at 65–70°F (18–21°C) after stratification for best results.
Germination Time
Allow up to 60 days for germination (after stratification)
Light Requirements
Sow on the surface or lightly cover with soil. Needs light to germinate, so do not bury deeply.
Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
Watering
Keep consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Post-Germination Care
- Transplant when seedlings are large enough to handle.
- Grow in moist, well-drained soil.
- Prefers partial shade to full sun.
- Protect young plants from frost until established.
Plant Spacing & Height
Space 18–24 in (45–60 cm) apart. Mature plants grow up to 6 ft (1.8 m) tall.