Seed Treatment:
- Cold stratification: Place seeds in a moist paper towel or sand, seal in a plastic bag, and refrigerate at 35–40°F (1–4°C) for 10–14 days before sowing.
• Lightly scarify the seed coat with sandpaper before stratifying to enhance water absorption.
When to Sow:
• Indoors: Start seeds 6–8 weeks before your last frost date.
• Outdoors: Sow after the last frost in spring, or late fall for natural stratification in mild climates.
Sowing Instructions:
• Surface sow — do not cover the seeds, as they need light to germinate.
• Press gently into moist, well-draining seed-starting mix.
• Mist to keep soil consistently moist.
• Ideal germination temperature: 65–70°F (18–21°C).
• Germination takes 14–28 days.
Light Requirements:
• Prefers full sun, but tolerates partial shade in hot climates.
Soil Requirements:
• Grows best in well-draining, fertile soil.
• pH range: 6.0–7.5.
• Avoid waterlogged conditions.
Watering:
• Keep soil evenly moist during germination and early growth.
• Once established, water moderately—Bells of Ireland prefer moist but not soggy soil.
Spacing:
• Thin or transplant seedlings to 12–18 inches (30–45 cm) apart.
Growing Tips:
• Produces tall spikes of green, bell-shaped bracts with tiny white flowers inside.
• Excellent for fresh or dried arrangements.
• Use support or stake in windy areas.
• Can self-seed under the right conditions.
• Hardy annual in most climates; grows best in USDA Zones 2–11.