Verbascum phoeniceum (Mullein)

Seed Treatment

  • Cold Stratification: Stratify for 4 weeks at 40°F (4°C).

  • Light Requirement: Seeds need light to germinate, so avoid covering them with soil.

  • Pre-soaking: Soak seeds in lukewarm water for 6–12 hours to soften the seed coat.

Sowing Instructions

Direct Sowing (Recommended)

  1. Timing: Sow in early spring after the last frost or in late summer to fall for natural stratification.

  2. Location: Select a full sun to partial shade site with well-draining, dry to moderately moist soil.

  3. Sowing Depth: Sprinkle seeds on the soil surface and press lightly; do not bury.

  4. Spacing: Thin seedlings to 12–18 inches apart once established.

  5. Watering: Keep soil moist but not soggy until germination.

Indoor Sowing (For Early Blooms)

  1. Timing: Start indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost.

  2. Container & Soil: Use a well-draining seed-starting mix in trays or pots.

  3. Light & Temperature: Maintain a temperature of 65–75°F (18–24°C) and ensure bright, indirect light.

  4. Transplanting: Once seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, harden them off before transplanting outdoors.

Germination & Growth

  • Germination Time: 14–30 days.

  • Watering: Drought-tolerant once mature; water moderately and allow soil to dry between waterings.

  • Soil Preference: Prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil; avoid heavy clay.

  • Blooming: Flowers in the first or second year, producing tall spires of purple, pink, or white blooms.

  • Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to extend blooming and prevent excessive self-seeding.

Verbascum phoeniceum is an easy-to-grow, pollinator-friendly perennial that attracts bees and butterflies while adding vertical beauty to gardens! ???