Seed Treatment
- Cold Stratification: Stratify for 4 weeks at 40°F (4°C). Check weekly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, remove them gently and plant immediately.
- Light Requirement: Seeds need light to germinate, so avoid covering them with soil.
- Pre-soaking: Soak seeds in lukewarm water for 6–12 hours to soften the seed coat.
Sowing Instructions
Direct Sowing (Recommended)
- Timing: Sow in early spring after the last frost or in late summer to fall for natural stratification.
- Location: Select a full sun to partial shade site with well-draining, dry to moderately moist soil.
- Sowing Depth: Sprinkle seeds on the soil surface and press lightly; do not bury.
- Spacing: Thin seedlings to 12–18 inches apart once established.
- Watering: Keep soil moist but not soggy until germination.
Indoor Sowing (For Early Blooms)
- Timing: Start indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost.
- Container & Soil: Use a well-draining seed-starting mix in trays or pots.
- Light & Temperature: Maintain a temperature of 20–24°C (68–75°F) and ensure bright, indirect light.
- Transplanting: Once seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, harden them off before transplanting outdoors.
Germination & Growth
- Germination Time: 14–30 days.
- Watering: Drought-tolerant once mature; water moderately and allow soil to dry between waterings.
- Soil Preference: Prefers well-draining, sandy or loamy soil; avoid heavy clay.
- Blooming: Flowers in the first or second year, producing tall spires of purple, pink, or white blooms.
- Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to extend blooming and prevent excessive self-seeding.
Verbascum phoeniceum is an easy-to-grow, pollinator-friendly perennial that attracts bees and butterflies while adding vertical beauty to gardens!