Pollinator-friendly | Perennial | Attracts Bees & Butterflies
For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment
Cold Stratification:
- Mix the seeds with a small amount of damp sand, peat, or vermiculite—just moist, not wet. Place the mixture into a labeled plastic bag or airtight container.
- Refrigerate at 4°C / 40°F for 4 weeks (not the freezer!).
- Check Weekly: Open the bag to let in fresh air and ensure the medium stays slightly damp.
- Watch Closely: If seeds sprout early in the fridge, remove them carefully and plant right away.
Pre-Soaking: After stratification, soak seeds in lukewarm water for 6–12 hours to soften the seed coat.
Light Requirement: Seeds need light to germinate. Do not cover them—press onto soil surface.
Sowing Instructions
Direct Sowing
When: Early spring after last frost (AFTER stratification). Late summer/fall (so nature handles stratification for you).
Where: Full sun to partial shade, in dry to moderately moist, well-draining soil.
How: Scatter on soil surface, press lightly—do not bury. Thin to 12–18 in (30–45 cm) apart once growing.
Indoor Sowing (For Early Blooms)
When: Start indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost.
Setup: Use trays or pots with well-draining seed-starting mix.
Conditions: Keep temperature at 20–24°C (68–75°F). Use grow lights 12-16 hours per day.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome briefly once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Transplanting: When seedlings develop 2–3 true leaves, gradually harden them off before transplanting outdoors.
Germination & Care
Time to Sprout: 14–45 days after stratification
Watering: Keep moist (not soggy) until established. Once mature, drought-tolerant—allow soil to dry between waterings.
Soil: Best in sandy or loamy, well-draining soil. Avoid heavy clay.
Blooming: First or second year. Produces tall, colorful flower spikes.
Deadheading: Remove faded flowers to extend blooming season and reduce self-seeding.