For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Seed Treatment:
Cold Stratification: Place seeds in a sealed plastic bag with a slightly damp paper towel and refrigerate for 2–4 weeks.
If seedlings emerge during stratification, remove them immediately and plant in moist soil.
Best Time to Sow:
Late summer to early fall (outdoors) or late winter to early spring (indoors).
Optimum Temperature (Day/Night):
60–65°F (16–18°C) — keep temperature steady for best results.
Germination Time: 14-42 days AFTER stratification
Sowing Instructions:
- Use a fine, well-draining seed-starting mix.
- Sow on the surface and press gently — do not cover heavily; a light dusting of vermiculite is optional.
- Mist to moisten the surface. Keep consistently damp but not soggy.
- ? Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
- Place in darkness until germination begins (you can use newspaper or cardboard to block light).
Light Requirements (After Germination):
Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day after sprouts appear. Avoid intense direct sunlight during early stages.
Watering Tips:
Water gently from below or use a fine mister to prevent displacing seeds. Avoid overwatering.
Post-Germination Care:
- Transplant or thin seedlings once they have at least 2–3 true leaves.
- Harden off for 7–10 days before moving outdoors.
Transplanting Outdoors:
Plant after frost danger passes. Space 6–8 in (15–20 cm) apart in rich, well-drained soil.
Bloom Time:
Spring to early summer. May rebloom in cooler fall weather with proper care.