For optimal germination rates, initiate seed propagation indoors under controlled conditions—unless the species exhibits a high sensitivity to root disturbance. This approach allows precise regulation of temperature, humidity, and light, improving germination consistency and seedling viability. Do not skip any recommended seed treatments, as they are essential for uniform and successful germination.
Keep soil evenly moist during germination. DO NOT LET IT DRY OUT—once seeds begin absorbing water (imbibition), drying can kill the seed embryo, and even brief dryness after sprouting can kill seedlings.
Seed Treatment (Pre-Planting Preparation)
Step 1: Soak seeds in lukewarm water for 24 hours.
Step 2: Cold stratify by placing seeds in moist sand, vermiculite, or peat moss in a sealed plastic bag. Refrigerate at 35–40°F (1–4°C) for 90 days (13 weeks).
Check weekly: If seedlings sprout in the fridge, plant immediately.
When to Sow Indoors
Start seeds indoors in late winter to early spring, immediately after stratification is complete.
When to Sow Outdoors (Natural Stratification)
Sow in autumn, pressing seeds into prepared soil and letting winter cold provide natural stratification. Protect from pests.
Optimum Germination Temperature: Use a heat mat to maintain steady temperatures of 68–75°F (20–24°C) after stratification.
Germination Time: Up to 42 days (after stratification).
Light Requirements for Germination
Requires light for best germination – press seeds gently into the surface without covering. Use grow lights to maintain 12–16 hours of light per day.
How to Sow Indoors
Use a well-draining seed-starting mix in trays or pots. Press seeds onto the surface and mist gently.
Humidity: Use a humidity dome or clear cover to maintain consistent moisture during germination. Open the dome BRIEFLY once per day to allow fresh air in and reduce mold risk. Remove the dome entirely once seedlings emerge.
Post-Germination Care
- Transplant seedlings into larger pots once they have at least 2–3 sets of true leaves.
- Harden off before planting outdoors.
- Final Spacing: 15–25 ft (4.5–7.5 m) apart.
- Type: Deciduous fruiting tree.
- Mature Height: 30–35 ft (9–10.5 m).
- Prefers full sun and well-draining, fertile soil.
- Water deeply during establishment, then reduce frequency once established.
- Prune in winter to maintain shape and encourage healthy growth.
- Fruits are rich, dark, and sweet; birds may require netting for crop protection.